Location tracking for underground mines or factory tunnels using one or two UWB RTLS anchors

Main Advantages

• Tracking with sub-meter accuracy using one or two RTLS anchors. Less devices, less expenses.

Accuracy

• Less than 1 meter

Range

• 50-60 meters

Scalability

1. Settings for longer range : 1 Hz rate – up to 120 tags, 5 Hz rate – up to 25 tags.
2. Settings for higher density: 1 Hz rate – up to 800 tags, 5 Hz rate – up to 160 tags.

Power Consumption

• The same as UWB TWR – constant 5V power supply is needed for RTLS anchors. RTLS tags are powered by the cap lamp accumulators.

Costs

• Lower costs than typical 2D UWB RTLS installations, considering the lower amount of RTLS anchors.

Custom implementation of the double-sided TWR based on Qorvo/Decawave DW1000 chipset, suitable for 1D-3D RTLS

Main Advantages

• The best location accuracy, suitable for 1D, 2D and 3D RTLS, including the collision avoidance scenarios.

Accuracy

• Better accuracy than TDoA: 5-10 cm for static objects, 10-30 cm for moving objects.

Range

1. Settings for longer range: best case LOS – 80 meters, worst case LOS – 60 meters.
2. Settings for higher density: best case LOS – 50 meters, worst case LOS – 30 meters.

Scalability

1. Settings for longer range : 1 Hz rate – up to 120 tags, 5 Hz rate – up to 25 tags.
2. Settings for higher density: 1 Hz rate – up to 800 tags, 5 Hz rate – up to 160 tags.

Power Consumption

• TWR tags must be recharged every 12-48 hours or powered via USB (e.g. Tag PRO).

Costs

• Slightly higher costs than TDoA, considering that TWR tags must be recharged on a regular basis or need to have the USB power supply.

Custom algorithm for the asynchronous TDoA without clock synchronizations for RTLS anchors, suitable for 2D RTLS

Main Advantages

• Much lower power consumption than TWR, better scalability than TWR. Good for long-term installations using batteries.

Accuracy

• 30-50 cm for static objects, 50-60 cm for moving objects.

Range

1. Settings for longer range: best case LOS – 80 meters, worst case LOS – 60 meters.
2. Settings for higher density: best case LOS – 50 meters, worst case LOS – 30 meters.

Scalability

• Better scalability than TWR:
  1. Settings for longer range : 1 Hz rate – up to 360 tags, 5 Hz rate – up to 75 tags.
  2. Settings for higher density: 1 Hz rate – up to 2400 tags, 5 Hz rate – up to 480 tags.

Power Consumption

• TDoA tags consume approx. 50-80 times less power than TWR tags.

Costs

• For the case of RTLS tags powered by accumulators or batteries – less expensive maintenance than UWB TWR.

Remote tracking and on-device indoor navigation for Android and iOS smartphones using BLE beacons and 2D RTLS

Main Advantages

• Lower cost installation – only BLE beacons are needed for tracking smartphones. Indoor navigation for smartphones is available.

Accuracy

• From 1 to 3 meters depending upon the density of BLE beacons.

Range

• Up to 15 meters for RTLS using BLE beacons

Scalability

• Good scalability – tracking thousands of smartphones per location. RTLS device density depends on the server capacity only.

Power Consumption

• Low-power BLE beacons, up to 5 years on a single battery charge.

Costs

• Low-cost system based on BLE beacons, lower than UWB costs.

RSSI-based tracking for BLE beacons and other BLE devices

Main Advantages

• The lowest cost tracking using inexpensive hardware, such as Locator MICRO devices.

Accuracy

• Room-level or zone-level tracking, approximately 3-4 meters accuracy when in range (up to 15 meters).

Range

• Up to 15 meters

Scalability

• BLE beacon scanning per room/zone is limited to 30-50 devices per second.

Power Consumption

• Low-power BLE beacons, up to 5 years on a single battery charge.

Costs

• Low-cost system based on BLE beacons and inexpensive RTLS anchors, such as Locator MICRO.